With the Papal Revolution (1075-1122), led by Gregory VII, the Church began asserting its independence from, and even superiority over, the State. (See Law and Revolution by Harold J. Berman)

• With the Papal Revolution (1075-1122), led by Gregory VII, the Church began asserting its independence from, and even superiority over, the State. (See Law and Revolution by Harold J. Berman)

• Church asserted its right to elect its own Pope and Bishops in any political jurisdiction.

• Church property was immune from the State. Slaves could escape to the Church and be protected.

Notes:

Law and Revolution by Harold J. Berman